IPH Urges Compliance With Protective Measures During Heatwave

High temperatures forecast through August 7 have prompted the Institute of Public Health (IPH) to call on citizens to follow advice on protecting themselves from the heat. Particular caution is required between 11:00 and 17:00, when exposure to the sun poses the greatest risk.

The IPH explains that when the air temperature reaches or exceeds the normal body temperature of around 36.7°C, it becomes more difficult for the body to cool itself. High humidity prevents sweat from evaporating, making it even harder for the body to regulate its temperature.

Signs that may appear when the body overheats include weakness, dry mouth, dizziness, excessive sweating, dry skin and abdominal pain. If the condition worsens and develops into so-called “sunstroke,” symptoms may include cessation of sweating, extremely hot skin, confusion, dizziness, a rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing, fainting and even death.

According to the Institute, those most at risk are people over the age of 60, pregnant women, children, socially vulnerable people and those who work outdoors. This group also includes people with chronic illnesses, including cardiovascular, lung and kidney diseases, diabetes, mental illnesses and obesity, as well as people taking medication that increases urination, such as diuretics and certain medicines for epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease.

To avoid the effects of high temperatures, the IPH advises against exposing the body directly to the sun and recommends avoiding outdoor activities from 11:00 to 17:00. Lightweight clothing, protective eyewear and light-colored hats with a high crown and wide brim are recommended.

Citizens should remain indoors in air-conditioned spaces whenever possible. If going outside during this period is unavoidable, they are advised to take frequent breaks in the shade and avoid direct sunlight.

The Institute recommends keeping windows and curtains closed during the day and opening them at night when temperatures fall. Food should be eaten in small portions, while fatty, high-calorie or high-sugar products should be avoided.

Fluids should be consumed regularly throughout the day without waiting until thirst sets in. Water is the most suitable choice, although non-alcoholic mineral drinks are also permitted. Alcoholic beverages, caffeinated drinks and very cold drinks should be avoided.

If someone is in a parked vehicle, the window should be opened to allow air to circulate. Closed vehicles heat up very quickly, and no one should be left inside them. A lukewarm shower may be taken as needed.

People with chronic illnesses, particularly those suffering from cardiovascular, neurological or pulmonary conditions, should follow this advice carefully and continue their regular treatment. Any change in their health should be discussed with their primary care physician.

The IPH advises people who feel weak, anxious or dizzy, or who experience thirst or severe headaches, to seek help and move to a cooler environment as quickly as possible. They should take their body temperature and drink water or non-carbonated mineral drinks to rehydrate.

In the event of muscle pain, particularly in the legs, arms and abdomen, immediate rest in a cool place and the consumption of electrolyte drinks are recommended. Medical assistance should be sought if the pain lasts longer than one hour.

If a family member or another person being assisted has hot, dry skin, abdominal pain or is unconscious, the emergency numbers 194 or 112 should be called immediately. Until emergency assistance arrives, the person should be moved to a cool place, placed in a horizontal position and their legs raised by more than 20 centimeters.

The IPH advises removing the person’s clothing, applying external cooling measures, cooling them continuously and spraying their skin with water. No medication should be administered, while an unconscious person should be placed in the recovery position. A doctor should be consulted if unusual signs appear or if symptoms persist.