Germany considers tough measures against suspected Russian spy and sabotage fleet

German authorities are considering imposing stricter measures against the so-called Russian “shadow fleet.” The fleet is suspected of being used to evade international sanctions and, in certain cases, to carry out suspected acts of espionage and sabotage.

It consists mainly of old, worn-out oil tankers with inadequate insurance and unclear ownership. However, detaining these vessels poses legal difficulties, as international law protects freedom of commercial navigation in international waters.

Sara Nanni, a German Green Party lawmaker responsible for security affairs, has accused the government of failing to respond adequately. According to her, Moscow uses the shadow fleet to finance its war against Ukraine, as well as its aggressive policy toward Europe.

Finland has been among the states to act most decisively. At the end of 2024, the country’s authorities detained the tanker “Eagle S.,” which was suspected of damaging an undersea electrical cable linking Finland and Estonia.

Great Britain, France and Sweden have also introduced increased inspections of vessels suspected of belonging to the shadow fleet.

In Germany, however, there are concerns that tougher measures could increase tensions with Russia. Security experts believe that the experience of other European states so far shows that stronger actions have not triggered a direct escalation by Moscow.